I have waxed poetic about Ambruzzo’s wonderful scenery over the past few weeks, so now I’m going to let the camera take the lead in showing off the region’s glorious landscapes. Just to say that this short circular route of 47 km provides a kaleidoscope of shape & pattern & colour with every bend twisting the tube to reveal a new arrangement of land & uses. The drive is further enhanced by numerous small settlements, on the road or in the distance, which provide interest & history to the land we’re passing through.

Much of the drive is on the back roads that run along the many ridges that cross this land, falling away on either side to valley bottoms & distant neighbours. Every now & then the road drops down to a settlement huddled on stream or a dried river bed, only to rise on the far, seeking safety along the top of another spine. All the time, the high peaks of the Maiella Mountains provide an angry backdrop, always threatening but never delivering until it gives up, exhausted, & returns us to the heat of another day.

Our journey starts, & ends, at the small hamlet of Macchie. A couple of houses & a bus stop look down on Lake Casoli, the mountains tower behind.

The original, medieval village of Gessopalena lies on a high, sharp ridge.

With 360° views of the surrounding countryside, you can see why such a position was chosen in the 9th century. Much of this ancient settlement remains with ruins of homes & farms & businesses, a wine press & a bakery, still operating in the 1960s. During WWII it was the scene of serious clashes between the Allies who had made their command centre in Casali & the Germans who had set a defensive line in the mountains. When the latter retreated they destroyed the village & local inhabitants who had allied with the invaders.

A new town has emerged next door, but the dusty ruins of another time still remain.

In Roccascalegna, a high, medieval castle powers it over the village.

Altiho looks so impressive from a distance.

A quick drop into Casoli for supplies.

Then it is a few bends back to Macchie & home.

Just 47 km of wonderful scenery, fascinating history & amazing views.

All the way down the Mediterranean coast, geological mice have nibbled perfect concave shapes between irregular ribs of rocky cliffs & crags of a huge slab of cheese creating a grater of soft-sandy beaches against gently lapping turquoise waters, backed with shuttered bars & apartments, restaurants & holiday clubs – ghost towns in paradise in April.

Down below us, the beach of silver soft sand glistens in the sun, waving down those who overlook the sea from their newly fashioned villages & hamlets, their renovated villas or freshly built holiday homes, even the increasing number of compact being-constructed, summer estates or campuses that have spread throughout the foothills.

Briatico is shell with a few random cars, the odd lines of washing & a tired, semi-deserted supermercado indicating any human life for this time of year. In summer it must be heaving. Its one saving place is a patch of sand with a collection of fishing boats drawn up on the beach with some ramshackle sheds at one end & a ruin of a watchtower at the other, waiting for history’s Saracen invaders.

Below Tropea, numerous small villages, seemingly deserted in April, dot every cove. In the summer months they host Italian holidaymakers in particulard. Brave the skelter of a lane down to the beach at one such village, Ricadi, negotiate the resurfacing team with their huge lorries, their steaming, tar-laying machine & their creaking, beaping bulldozer who will stop for no man but just beckon you past on their freshly-laid tarmac, & find a beautiful, paradisicle beach of soft sand, eroded pools of volcanic rocks, backed by palms & luscious vegetation & a few empty, boarded up beach bars. In the far distance a few figures wander the empty sands or settle to appreciate the isolation.

Scilla was founded by Tyrrhennian Sea pirates around the 5th century BC. Swordfish boats still go out from sloped launchways to bring home their traditional catch to be cooked & served in the tourist restaurants that stand on covered platforms up to their knees in the sea.

This is the view from the terrace of our new abode, in southern Calabria with the town of Tropea on the high cliffs in the far distance. It overlooks the Mediterranean coast where wooded cliffs & crags separate crescents of soft sand all the way to the toes of Italy’s stilletoed foot. This part of Calabria bulges out into the sea in a huge big lump leaving the mountains a fair bit inland & the course of the main road & railway still driving southwards in a straight line well away from the coast. The fertile, soft valleys & sharpish ridges of these foothills are covered in a variety of textures & shades reflecting the fresh greens & colours of spring growth. The effect is a landscape of vibrant, freshness, highlighted by lilac wisteria & bright yellow gorse & laburnum and emphasised by shapes of grasping foliage & bubbling canopies. So different to other parts of Italy with quite an individual feel to it.

Built on high, perpendicular cliffs, Tropea was established to protect the harbour of a Roman trading port in the 1st century BC. It prospered during medieval times & became a cultural & intellectual centre developing its own character as a royal city-state. In the following centuries, noble palaces & villas were built here, many of which still have an impact on the skyline today.

Hard-faced facades of historic buildings merge seamlessly with orche-stoned cliffs, standing with such strength, & contrasting with the feminine beauty of the silver beach & turquoise, white-horsed surf below.

Behind the intrepid might of these power-blank facades, only penetrated by sets of muscle grabbing steps or occasional gaps of odd viewing platforms, a jumble of narrow, cobbled streets & attractive piazzas make up the historic centre of this fascinating town. Filled with cafes, restaurants, independent shops & classy boutiques it has a strong, attractive personality of its own.

It’s Sunday & a drive south. The coast & the railway are reassuringly present for much of the journey. On the left, the mountains, with their collections of human habitation scattered amongst the foothills, watch with interest as the moving traffic, on road & rail, head to their individual destinations. Where the mountains recede inland, creating more flat space, farms & smallholdings have appeared with fields of vines & maize, cultivated crops & plastic hot houses. At the side of the road, a number of grizzled farmers man shabby stalls with boxes of strawberries or broad beans for sale to passing trade.

So, the first thing to do when we reach Pizzo is find a parking space. A blue one requires payment at a meter. There follows 9 attempts to enter data on reg no & credit card which all result in being thrown out. Ah, Italians turn up….I stand back & watch. After 3 attempts they simply enter a €2 coin & get a ticket. A €2 coin mind you – not a credit card, not 2 x €1 coin. They stay & help. After 6 more goes – yayyyyyy – all purses have been searched & the coin found, it all slots through & yes …..a ticket for 2 hours is churned through to huge cheers from all 6 interested parties.

At the top of the main street into town the huge church doors are open to allow the sound of an angelic chorister to escape & fertilise the souls of parishioner.

Then down into Pizzo’s piazza. The town started life in the 13th century on a high cliff as a fishing village with a fort.

A Sunday in April allows the locals to emerge to do what they always do on the day of rest while a handful of tourists try unsuccessfully to dilute the authenticity of the place.

Midday is greeted with a cacophony of haphazardly rung bells from several churches which drown out the interactions within the ancient piazza. Locals & visitors then continue about their traditional Sunday business.

Us? Having wandered the streets we spy a corner pizza stall charging €1.50 a 🍕. We choose our elements & retire to a metal bench to consume the best slice of salami topped, pizza, ever.

Eat your heart out Pizza Express!

This runs all the way from Reggio Calabria in the south, up to Salerno & the Bay of Naples & beyond, a distance of at least 350 km. With the sea on one side & the cliffs & craggy foothills of the mountains on the other, this stretch of coastal lowland is only a few hundred metres wide for most of its journey north.

The road & the track run together, side by side, with the latter built on an embankment. At regular intervals minor roads veer through narrow, really narrow, tunnels under the tracks to reach the crowded holiday strip on the coast. Here clubs & bars, beach clubs, cheap hotels & low apartments are cluttered together, randomly placed to provide holiday pleasures along the entire route.

On the land side, the gods have sprinkled a stardust of recently built or renovated farmhouses, villas, homes, factories, barns, low apartments, amongst the contours of the green, surrounding foothills. A strip of a hamlet follows a bending lane, an odd steeple stands out in a clay-tiled cluster of a village, a shiny barn adds a further element to distant, neat rows of vines or olives.

Small towns & villages with any historic interest occupy high positions on a crag or a cliff edge, imposing power & importance over the low plain that borders the coastline below. It is a helter-skelter ride up to the cherry on the top with more climbing to & from any available parking & around the town or village….but well worth the effort. Most have an ancient, medieval centre if you have the patience & the legs to keep searching for it.

Cetraro & Belvedere di Marittino are two such towns with similar roots but very different in character. Both are high in the foothills above the coastal strip & require a steep walk from the car. Both have fascinating back streets, full of character & history & are rich in buildings dating back to medieval times.

The steep slalom up to Cetraro enters the market place which, despite a wonderful panorama front the redeveloped square is crazy with cars. Cafes are confined to pavements & groups of men hover in doorways or sit outside at tables talking ‘business?’. There are few women to soften the scene. It all feels a bit menacing. The old streets are tall & gloomy where no light can penetrate & the sun is an old enemy.

Bellvedere di Marittino also has a square but this is light & bright. Three town policia are present all the time, moving cars on & offering local advise. The cafe offers seats at tables on a small terrace & the surrounding buildings are attractive with ornamental trees & potted greenery to provide colous & diversity. The medieval back streets are clean & wide with grand houses incl four palaces & castle walls & a tower creating a very different atmosphere

It is good to see the different faces of Calabria.

It’s a bit like olden times – a raiding party snaking past ancient hilltop castles & towers to take control of that narrow coastal strip of Liguria, nowadays called the Italian Riviera.

It’s wonderful to see the Mediterranean from the ribbon of road that hugs the coastline. The days of lounging on the beach, picking random pieces of clinker from feet and rear whilst roasting in the sun like leathered lizards on a Sunday spit, are long over.

I prefer the tourist wander, appreciating history, art & architecture and partaking in wine & food, however much they might take me for an expensive ride.

Portovenere is just south of the Cinque Terre. It has the essential elements of Lunigiana – a coastal fort & town walls, churches powering it over local troops & citizens, narrow streets & tall, pastel-coloured, tenement type buildings, once home to fishermen & merchants & now to restaurants & bars & tourist shops.

Rather than a shipping industry built to trade up & down the coast & further afield, the modern way is to shuttle tourists about on day trips, snapping photos of caves & blow-holes & picturesque fishing villages.

Sarzana is a few miles inland. It’s Thursday. Market vans conceal the axes of cobbled streets with their huge hanging umbrellas & their haphazard positioning.

Once the chattering locals have been pierced, coffee consumed, cobbles negotiated, spokes of pretty streets are revealed, decorated with whispy hanging silks & purple bougainvillea.

The town’s walls & gates added an extra defensive loop to the castle & fortifications.

So now its a drive into northern Tuscany. Once off the autoroute and away from the flatlands south of Milan, the land starts to rise and wooded ridges appear in the distance, backed by dim, grey shark-teethed peaks. This is Lunigiana, a mountainous region that runs from the Apennine Mountains to the Mediterranean Sea, most of which falls in Tuscany but some in coastal Liguria and we are smack in the middle.

This area has long been strategically important. The Romans constructed the Via Aurelia through Lunigiana to get their armies up to Gaul & Spain. In medieval times there were 160 castles here, but only 30 have survived in a good state. They stem from the time when the Lombards of Milan, dominated here and sought an outlet to the Mediterranean through various mountain passes. All the local city/states have at some time or other battled for control – Luccans v Pisans v Genoese, Milanese v Modense v Florentines. Tuscany eventually took full control of the region in the 15th century.

As we arrive the weather gods offer a relief from the heat of the past two weeks. We offer up our thanks as the Storm Goths thunder their welcome and lighten up our senses with flashes of awesome power. Yes, refreshingly, it can rain on Italy’s parade.

From our outpost high on a ridge, we can spot the approaching storms, take their anger and watch them retreat into the distance. The church bells in village way down below ring more in celebration of the storms’ passing than in summoning the faithful to mass. Once the storms pass the true glory of our position is revealed.

Exploring this region takes a fair bit of stamina. Roads are demanding to say the least. It’s a bit like following the region’s intestines – in & around, up & hairpin, squeeze to the side to allow oncoming & hold one’s breath. Surely, it’s not up there…. oh yes. TOM TOM say “fastest route!” Up the twists & turns of scabbed, crustacean tarmac between lush walnut & sweet chestnut woods and overgrown edges of brambles & bracken.

Scattered along streamed valley bottoms, in clearings on the shaded slopes of wooded ridges or atop strategic hilltops are a confetti of dusty, ancient villages & homesteads. Time seems to have stopped in many. A centuries-old church or the remains of a medieval tower or castle centre these ancient settlements, linked through the hills by ancient mule tracks. In many there is little life on display. Only the clink of plates & muffled voices from open windows indicate the presence of anything human.

Fosdinovo is protected by a medieval castle part of which is open for the public to explore & part of which is inhabited by private owners.

Castelnuovo Magro’s narrow streets lead down to the church from the open-air cinema in the castle ruins. The lines of cottages provide shaded pathways for the handful of locals on display.

Some places are worth a mention on their own, and Vicenza is one. It is difficult to use words to describe its glory, so I’ll let my images do the talking.

At first sight it is the super-elegant, grand buildings & wide piazzas that grab the eye.

The city is known as the showpiece of the 16th century architect Andea Palladio & his successor Vincenzo Scamozzi – elegant, cultured , artistic.

Today, their legacy is offset by the weekly market, bringing bustle & colour, diversity & humanity to its classic lines.

A smogasburg of age, ethnicity, class, appearance, dress, background mix in the streets & piazzas. They live & walk & work together.

This part of Veneto between Vicenza & Venice and bordered to the north by the craggy peaks & ridges of the Dolomites Mountains and to the south by the Adriatic Sea, is not considered to be a tourist area. Maybe because of this it has a very genuine character. Italian families go about their normal daily business, the shops close in the afternoon & everyone seems to dessert the streets to siesta. Life has a calm pace. The roads are quiet, farmers harvest hay & wheat and vines cover hillsides. Shaded hills bubble deciduous woodlands that remind of the Dordogne countryside in France.

The towns are intriguing places and have many features in common – castellated walls and tall defensive towers enclose a large open piazza, cloistered edges provide shade from the blasting midday heat and powerful Gothic churches impose their presence on those below.

Marostica had a flourishing history in medieval times. During the 19th century it became relatively poor until it’s wealth grew again from the 1950s. The impressive walls & ramparts enclose the town completelÿ with a couple of imposing gateways limiting the progress of vehicles in & out of the piazza.

The weekly market gave the whole place a medieval aura with the cloistered edges providing shade for chattering families & friends chatting over their cappuccino & cake.

Umbrellered, ‘white-market-van-man’ acted as a second square of defence around the four sides selling all the wares of a large town market.

Overlooking the whole scene, high up on the hill, a line of medieval, stone fortifications steps to the top to see off any invading army that might have dropped through the time warp.

The town is best known for a chess event which takes place with costumed people playing the part of chess pieces and playing out a game. A large, 64 square chess board is a permanent feature of the market square. Legend has it that this live event has taken place every two year since 1454. Although the original moves have been lost, the festival was recreated after WWII and a modern game played out with costumed locals re-enacting a classic modern game. To give it a bit more class, the whole thing is accompanied with an opera as shown on the poster.

Bassano del Grappa held an important strategic position as a crossing point over the River Brenta. Once through the town walls, a series of piazzas link up to lead down to the bridge.

The wooden bridge has undergone numerous reconstruction’s since it was first documented in 1209.

It was here 1779 that the Nardini Family opened Italy’s, now oldest, distillery thus giving the town its name.

Montagnone

Montagnona has the best preserved, medieval walls in Europe. They form the defensive structure of the Castle of San Zeno. The square tower is deemed to have been built in 1242 on the site of a castle built in 996.

On the north & south walls, traffic lights control vehicular access to the enormous piazza that heatedly bakes in the mid-afternoon sun.

Holding prime spot in the piazza is Santa Maria Assunta. This Gothic Cathedral was built between 1431 & 1502.

The town hall was completed in 1532.

Our next port of call is in the Veneto countryside just south of Vicenza. Although only an hour & a half away by the shortest route, this would require joining the main east/west artery of Northern Italy, the A4 autostrade, and I did not fancy the hassle of that. I’m on holiday!! So I decided to head in the opposite direction.

I thought to cross the lake on the car ferry from Maderno to Torri del Benaco, head up the east bank to Rovereto. From there, to snake south through the mountains to Schio and on to Vicenza -a trip of around 4 hours. Boy, it was worth it….always take the long road and remember – it’s the journey that counts!

19€ is the cost of the roll-on/off ferry across the lake.

The journey takes 30 minutes on a vessel that would not be out of place in the Calmac fleet operating between the Scottish islands. It clanked & shuddered us across with the ramped front creating a hissing surf & the open car deck allowing the bursting sun to shine down on the righteous.

Once across, the route runs up right beside the lake with only a narrow strip of sharp stones & rough rocks separating it and the road. No grand mansions, extensive gardens or private estates hiding the lake from the hoi polloi, here. On this stretch, hotels & villas squeeze into any spare space on the land side and vehicles fit snugly into any verges against the lakeside cliffs.

From both, folk struggle over with their beach equipment like a games of Beach Crackerjack. The only way to survive the challenge of the lake ‘beach’ is to sit/lie on your own sun lounger to raise you above the surface of the shrapnel below.

The dedicated beach creature unloads said sun loungers, deck chairs, lilos, hampers, flippers, snorkels, towels, umbrellas which, somehow, they are able to erect in the rocky terrain. Wind-surfers soar above in the mountain air.

As the top of Lake Garda narrows, the peaks & crags tighten their grip on the landscape and squeezes it until it oozes out into wide meadowed valleys. The route then enters the ridged spine of the mountains, snaking up cavernous passes and down crag-strides in sharp-sided canyons & around pointed, ghoul-friendly peaks finding isolated , ancient, settlements or the occasional field of harvested grass.

After several hours of invigorating driving, hard but rewarding, we emerge in the soft hills of Veneto.

Desenzano del Garda was the last place to visit on the southern shore of Lake Garda and, like all the rest except Sirmione, it was quiet, peaceful, almost empty of life. The scorching heat had cremated any living body and scattered their ashes over sun-blasted streets & furniture.

A memorable part of the stay were the many places we found to eat. There were two along the modern front in Salo.

The first menu balanced lake fish & meat – in the end I declined the donkey casserole (bit heavy for a hot, sultry evening).

The second was a handsome pizzeria.

One evening we ate in amongst the vines.

A ‘carne’ restaurant that served no fish was a godsend to those with a seafood allergy.

We shared our last meal with a coach load of German tourists next to asmall funfair; the saving grace was a bottle of excellent red and an exceptionally tasty apple turnover.

So it’s a return to my beloved Italy and, for the first week, chilling it in the hills overlooking Lake Garda itself. Up here, a gentle breeze whispers across the skin, reminding you where you are and to let the eyes & ears do all the work.

Salo is a small lakeside town that epitomises the classic Italian Lakes tour. June is the time of year to indulge yourself & come away to the lakeshore where coniferred hill ranges contour down to a sharp edged line around the clear waters. There are few crowds, eating & drinking is easy with no need to book & Garda’s ferries provide easy access around the ancient towns & villages that dip their quayside toes into the clear, fish-strewn waters.

Main problem has been to find dinner this evening. Having looked at menus up and down the front, this is it:

Now to decide between braised donkey (!!!) or lake sardines. I’ll let you know.

I’ll let Salo show off its character, accompanied by the few visitors that have slipped the cordon and arrived on foot, bicycle, car or boat.

Flying home from Sardinia provides a further day to explore the historic city of Olbia. Originating in Greek times as a coastal port, it was developed further by the Romans and later in medieval times. The layout of the old city is quite simple. Corso Umberto is the main drag, up over the low hill and down to the marina, full of luxury yachts & quayside parking.

On either side elegant buildings line the 750 metre route. Cafes, bars & eateries have spread out onto the stones in an attempt to catch passers-by in their net of QCR codes, menus & images of dishes, meals & drinks.

Expensive summer clothing for men & women gases out of small, intimate shops, sucking in customers with displays of what you might look like if you paid their exorbitant prices for pastel linen & flowing, light cotton.

The Basilica of San Simplicito dates back to the 12th Century.

On each side of the of the main promenade, narrow stoned alleys & lanes lead into a maze of old buildings where unique bistros & restaurants squeeze a presence out onto the small narrow streets and expensive clothiers sell their luxury wares.

The last few days have been spent sampling Sardinia’s coastline and the beaches in particular and exploring the south of the island.The beach at Bosa typifies most: wide silver-soft curves around turquoise/blue waters; usually a single shack/beach bar controls the beach; it may have a handful of sunbeds to share (although you can drop your towel almost anywhere on all of them).

Pula is our base further down the south west side of the island. An ordinary town with a mixture of businesses and holiday homes. What it has going for it is a number of reasonable restaurants 8n the square and around the church. The latter is home to Fedrica’s where we ate most often.

Visiting in May makes everything so easy. It is pre-season – no need to book tables in restaurants, easy to park, beaches are empty, as are the roads. Everything is very peaceful, calm & relaxed.

Pula’s town beach is on the way to the tower at Nora situated on a promontory at the far end.

The beach at Chia was the best. Gob-smackingly beautiful it could have been the Caribbean or a south sea island.

Spiaggia Di Tuerredda was similar.

The island of Sant’Antioco is linked to the main island by a spit of land and a low bridge. At its far end, Calasetta has the feel of a north African fishing village with palms & weather beaten facades and dominated by the large cathedral.

Traditional fishing boats are moored alongside modern sailing boats & luxury yachts.

To view images full size tap above: Read in blog

So now I can wax lyrical about Syracuse & the Island of Ortigia. The streets are scruffily magical (or magically scruffy!), full of history & atmosphere. Within its deep ravines of shadowed narrow streets a huge variety of high-end restaurants, local family venues, quirky eateries, bars, cafes, bistros, street vendors cater to all visitors & all pockets.

There are so many different styles of food and all reflect the city’s island location with most offering only a single non-fish option be it pizza or the typical multi-course Italian menu. We explored the many crannies and found a different one every evening and dined in style at each one. The cost and quality were excellent with the obligatory bottle of Nero d’Avola being the most expensive item at around 25 euros

A vegan meal at Moon in startling environs & intriguing flavours:

In Taormina it was spaghetti & clams and Margarita pizza. Then pine-crusted leg of rabbit.

Syracusa started well and carried on at a high level – Sicilian meat balls in tomato sauce and battered red mullet, charcuterie board with meats & cheeses, strips of beef with rocket & parmesan, swordfish pasta.

Every experience was so good and of the highest quality served by friendly, knowledgeable staff and priced very reasonably.

Afterwards, feeling very content, it is a slow walk through magical streets to the room, pausing in Duomo Square to take in the last few frames of some black & white classic of Italian cinema beinb shown on a outdoor silver screen.

To view full-sized images tap above: ‘Read on blog’

Having explored the main tourist route with its incredible line of imposing buildings, fountains & springs, squares, palaces, galleries, museums, and adventured into the mazed grid that makes up the Arab/Spanish & Jewish Quarters, it is time to explore around the edge of this historic island – a route of about 3km.

Progressing clockwise, the turquoise waters of the ocean are always to the left, the high-rising temperatures deceptively cooled by off-water breezes. On the right, weathered facades blankly face the centuries of storms & battling ships, reflecting the character of the neighbourhoods that shelter behind these protective shells.

Castello Mariace is at the southern-most tip of the island. Here the route turns for home along the bars & cafes on the raised promenade.

At the Spring of Aretusa, the Grand Hotel stands imperial above the new construction work taking place down on the water. This leads in a wide walkway along moorings designed for yachts, small liners & supercritical until more normal folk sort out their nets, bookings for their island cruises and boat hires.

To view full-sized images ‘read on blog’ (tap top right)

The island of Ortigia runs in an inverted teardrop shape from north to south. Whilst the main tourist drag of palaces, piazzas, grand buildings & the duomo takes the visitor slightly to the left of the central axis, the maze of narrow streets in the bulging land to the right is there to be explored. These dense areas of alleys, tenements & courtyards are shared by the Arab & Spanish Quarter to the north and the Jewish Quarter to the south.

The contrast between east & west is very apparent. Streets are even tighter. Housing tends to be in terraces of smaller properties, punctuated by small-fronted shops & cafes.

A few squares & piazzas are present but they tend to be much reduced in number & size and lack the grand accompaniment of statues & crests that boast power & influence over to the east.

These streets were inhabited by a lower strata of Sicilian society -shopkeepers, craftsmen, sailors, fishermen, money lenders. Certainly, they are not such a draw for the tourist as the cobbles are empty of raised iphones & gaggles of clucking visitors. It is all rather calm & peaceful in here. It’s on a much smaller scale than elsewhere; an area where one can appreciate a different feeling to the city.

There is little to differentiate the two quarters. Maybe there is more of a Spanish/Moorish feel in one, with balconies of intricate metal & colourful mosaics more in evidence. Occasionally, street gates are left open to display cactus strewn courtyards and open quadrants.

The main way to know you have entered the Jewish Quarter is the sign on the alley, along with obvious features of life like the Jewish baths.

Working a way through this labyrinth where palaces sidle up to small tenements and plain-fronted churches, makes no difference to where you emerge – somewhere on the coastal defences to the west of the island.

The centre of the ancient city of Syracuse is firmly rooted on the Island of Ortigia, connected to the mainland by a couple of short bridges. It is famous for its Greek & Roman civilisations and has been of strategic importance for world powers since medieval times – Arabs, Crusading Christians, Holy Roman Emporers, Spanish & French & Italian dictators and Mafia gangs. All have come and left their mark.

Ponte Umbertino is the main artery into this ancient place. A Roman grid suck the visitor away from the bright sun into a maze of deep, darkly shadowed streets that have cut deep through the storeys of centuries of imposing, fading buildings.

Palaces, churches, villas now home to countless museums & galleries, create the shadows -a grid of age-weathered necklaces. Other grand dwellings of merchants & soldiers & city grandees gaze down on those below from high lofted crests & statues.

The adventure starts by crossing the narrow stretch of water and girding the loins with coffee at the small huddle of cafes that nestle at the root of the entrance to this history before entering the cave of ancient delights.

The Temple of Apollo, considered to be the oldest Doric temple in the world, is the gate keeper to this ancient world.

The Via Dione draws us along the shadowed canyons & ravines that link the best- prized elements of this aged city. This is the main tourist drag and leads to the ocean on the south side of the island.

Archimede Square (yes, the famous man was born in the city) is the location for the Fountain of Diana. Four palaces, dating from 14th to the 19th centuries form the four sides of the Square. Each has now been converted for use by numerous institutions. In the centre the Fountain, created in 1906 symbolises the history of Syracuse from medieval times to the present day.

The Duomo & Duomo Square – so impressive; the spiritual heart of every Italian city!

The Spring of Aretusa is considered to be the historical centre of Syracuse. From here there’s a great view along to the Castle of Maniace at the tip of the island.

That’s enough for one day – more soon.

I am back in my beloved Sicily. This time exploring the south of this wonderful island – full of history, culinary delights, fantulous wines, cliff-clustered, white-faded villages, turquoise waters, dusty, characterful facades mixed in with grand fresco-blinding hotels & villas; and always against the backdrop of smoking Mt Etna, and the rippling waters of the Mediterranean ocean.

Taormona is a jewel in the Sicilian, née Italian, crown. Developed over centuries, it has a feel of wealth & opulence. The town on three levels, dates back to ancient Greece. It can be summed up in three words – steps, ancient steps, and more ancient steps! The one sop to modern living is a cable car that transports visitors to and from the beach resort to the old town at the top of the first cliff.

Tucked up high on a large pillar outcrop is the protective castle and the village of Castelmola.

Taormona itself is basically a single cobbled street running between 3 ancient gates with narrow stepped alleyways diving up & down to either side. Ancient churches, piazzas & palaces dating back to medieval times rub shoulders with high end fashion shops, eateries & posh souvenir establishments.

During the day dragon’s of young visitors clog the main street.

At the bottom of the cable car, or a stepped descent of what feels like 3km from the old town, lies the beach area where White Lotus hotels rub up against public beaches. The latter look much more fun!

I should remind everyone that however easy it is to go down, there is always the going back up to take into account and, boy, those steps are steep.

Lecce is completely different to the other towns and cities of Puglia. If churches and Baroque architecture are your thing then Lecce is absolutely top of your ‘must visit ‘ list. Established over 2,500 years ago, the city became an important Roman settlement and the theatre and the arena are well preserved today.

The main building surge occurred in the Baroque period of the early 17th century. Lecce had fallen into disrepair and wealthy land owners wanted to be part of the rejuvenation process. Not only did they set their grand, imposing homes here, they also funded the building of super impressive Houses of God. Existing churches got a makeover and new ones were built by ambitious young architects whose imaginations knew no bounds. There are too many to list and show, so I include only a few of them here.

Lecce is a masterpiece of Baroque constructions.

Built in the local soft creamy limestone it dazzles and inspires with a surprise around every corner. Its spider web of streets offer a kaleidoscopic mix of long-range vistas, glimpses of cherubs or bishops or saints or angels, the sight of carved animal heads or plants high up on a steeple or on the facade of a grand building or ornate gateway.

The old part of the city, entered by one of three arched gateways which mark the end of normality and the beginning of Byzantine flair and authority, is a core of stone crystals where wealthy landowners and bishops have tried to outdo each other in the buildings they have created.

Lecce Cathedral is one such attempt to grab all the attention that continues to this day – recently a lift was opened within the Bell Tower that whisks visitors to the top at a cost if 12 euros. The only way down is to use the same lift – no stairs!

As such the city is a magnet to large numbers of visitors and its arteries of narrow streets quickly get clogged up with flag-led groups of holidaymakers’ cholesterol.

Having taken photos one set of Baroque churches, which, I have to say, all begin to look very similar, I decide it is more fun looking at the people who make up these groups. So to end my tour of Puglia in general, and Lecce in particular here is a selection:

From a distance, the hilltop town of Ostuni looks like the decorators have done only half a job. Called in to whitewash the walls, maybe they only brought the short ladders with them. While the lower levels gleam in the Adriatic sun, the upper storey, typified by the top spot of the duomo, remains in need of some touching up and paint work. Yet it works. Together they dominate the olive-studded plain below.

There is probably a local byelaw – you can paint your homes and walls whatever colour you like …. as long as it’s white.

Stepped and arched alleys nibble up and down and around, connecting curly, mule-wide passageways. Small bars and eateries hide around corners in alcoves and small, odd shaped courtyards. Tables/chairs balance precariously on uneven, cobbled pathways and staff step up with bottles & plates & platters, dishing up delicious food from tantalising menus.

Where does everyone go? Pre dinner the place is buzzing. Street bars fill the air with jazz and cocktails, lovers lounge on low cushions, tourist groups chat through their day.

As the evening progresses the bars empty and the restaurants in the backstreets fill. The burnished stones of the main streets are now exposed with no crowds to cover them up.

Ostuni is a great place with character and atmosphere. Meals and shopping may cost a bit more but it feels like a fun place to be with quirky bars and cafes, new eating experiences and some good places to while away some time before browsing the wide range of good quality shops.

Locorotondo is a £1 train ride out of Alberobello through rich-earthed, countryside where olive trees are king and the wealthy have taken trulli architecture to create homes of affluence and style. No poverty here.

It is a 10 minute walk from the station to the shade of the gateway of this picturesque hilltop village.

Narrow streets, whitewashed houses and churches dominate the hilltop.

Outside the ramparts bars & eateries are set out to allow punters to gaze out over the vines & trulli-inspired farms and villas.

An hour south of the trulli capital there is an opportunity to understand a bit about why Puglians are so proud and obsessed by their olive trees. There are around 60 million Italians. In Puglia alone there are a similar number of olive trees and this traditional farm has been producing olive oil for centuries.

Many trees are over 2,000 years old

and this fella has been dated from around 3,000 years ago.

Local artists play a special game. They capture on film animal figures within the trunks of these ancient trees. Have a go.

The old wine press dates from this time.

The trees are spaced out with ample room between them to allow the root system of each to develop unhindered by the trees around them.

Nets have been laid under the trees as the last of the harvesting takes place. Soon workers will comb through the branches with rakes and the olives will be collected and pressed on the same day to prevent oxygenation taking place.

Leaving Matera by bus, my route takes me eastwards to the Adriatic and into Puglia proper. Grape and olive production have shaped this landscape. The modern road cuts in a straight line through acres & alternating acres of hanging vineyards, ripening under ugly sheets of plastic, and centuries-old olive trees, voluptuous with heavy, spreading branches of foliage & fruit, their trunks prepared for harvest with a circular carpet of sack cloth ready to collect the results of this year’s Shake n Vac.

Polignano a Mare is a pretty fishing village clustered around a ravine, created where a small stream has cut into the land to meet the sea with a small beach of smooth stones & rocks. An attractive historic centre of narrow tangled streets and picturesque houses is in danger of being smothered by vast modern builds of holiday apartments, balconied flats and shoreline promenades that have been constructed around the edges, threatening to engulf it with 21st century holidaymaking.

Alberobello is back inland, back through the dark earthed fields of grapes and olives.

Dotted amongst the endless rows of waving vines and stump-solid trees are clues to the main act of the area – isolated stulli, small, stone huts, built in the fields without mortar to hold a farmer’s tools.

The town itself is unique, made up of stacks of tullis blocks of different shapes and sizes like a card tower spreading along a valley floor and the slopes that rise from it.

Trullis are dry-stoned dwellings designed to house an extended family, their belongings, crops and animals. The walls are whitewashed in an attempt to keep the trullo cool during the heat of the summer. It is said that in the 16th century property taxes were collected. When the locals heard of an upcoming visit by government collectors their homes, because they were constructed without mortar could be easily demolished thus reducing the amount that had to be paid. Once the tax collectors had departed the homes would be rebuilt and life would return to normal.

Wandering the narrow streets is a rather weird feeling particularly in the soft light of dawn before the gaggle of tourists arrive to clog the narrow lanes and ruin the atmosphere. It feels like Noddy & Big Ears are going to appear a door and friendly goblins will wander past waving greetings and welcomes. Sadly no – just crowds of visitors & holidaymakers buying the normal tourist tat from small trulli shops.

The place is fascinating and worth a visit. A goblinesque centre within a normal, everyday kind of town.

Another Italian city, another jumble of dusty stone buildings, another tangle of burnished steps & cobbled alleys leading down to an ancient core but Madera is something so really special it takes your breath away. Like a dimmer switch dawn gently illuminates the soft hues of a staggered Jenga of rectangular blocks of houses, towers, steeples & churches. As the sun rises the glory of the place surrounds you.

It is like a giant scoop has been dipped in the landscape leaving a jewel-lined indentation to climb about and explore.

Rome is old, 3,000 years give or take a century or two, and Madera, in the south of Italy, predates Rome as an urban settlement by five millennia. Initially established by nomadic sheep herders who inhabited the water-formed caves that lined a deep ravine lying on their route through this flat, dry landscape prehistoric man developed elementary building skills that enabled them to expand their cave city across to the other side of the rocky gash.
For centuries homes were scraped out of the rock, inhabited by entire families and their livestock.

Byzantine monks created Rock Churches. These dated from the 12th century and at one point some 160 existed as places of worship and living accommodation. The ceilings were created from the rock and in some graves were dug into the rock of the roofs.

Water was always an issue. In the 16th century five huge underground cisterns were created to collect and store rainwater to feed the fountains during the dry summer months. This obe held 5 million litres of water.

This was an area of extreme poverty and disadvantage. It was only after WWII did the national government provide incentives for locals to buy and renovate properties in the old town. Today this higgledy piggledy stack of buildings and alleyways is absolutely stunning.